The Royal game of Ur isn't the oldest game board known, but, it is the oldest board game with which the rules to the game are known. This board game dates to around 2500 B.C and the picture above depicts one such board which was found in Iran. It was later superseded by Backgammon 2000 years ago.
he rules of the game as it was played around 2500BC are not know at all but the same boards were still in use a century or two before the birth of Christ and archeologists have discovered the rules for the game played at that time on some cuneiform tablet dated at 177/176BC. The early games show a variety of patterns on the board but the consistent factor is that five rosettes always appear.
There was also Egyptian variants of this called Tau / Game of Twenty Squares.
http://www.tradgames.org.uk/games/Royal-Game-Ur.htm
http://listverse.com/2013/01/20/10-most-important-board-games-in-history/
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